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- Confucius'2557th birthday(孔子诞辰2557年)
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Confucius'life
Confucius (551-479BC), or Kong Zi, was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School (Confucian) of Chinese thought. His teachings, preserved in the Analects , form the foundation of much of subsequent Chinese speculation on education.
Confucius' surname is Kong, his given name Qiu, and his social name Zhongni. According to the well-known Records of the Grand Historian (Shi Ji) by the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-8AD) court historian, Sima Qian, Confucius' ancestors were members of the State of Song during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC). His great grandfather, fleeing the turmoil in his native Song, had moved to the State of Lu, somewhere near the present town of Qufu in southeastern Shandong Province, where the family became impoverished.
Confucius endured a poverty-stricken and humiliating youth and had to undertake such petty jobs as accounting and caring for livestock. He studied ritual with the Daoist Master Lao Dan. In his middle age Confucius had about three thousand disciples whom he taught and also devoted himself to political matters in the Lu State.
At the age of fifty, Confucius' talents were recognized when Duke Ding of Lu was on the throne. He was appointed Minister of Public Works and then Minister of Crime. But Confucius apparently offended members of the Lu nobles and was subsequently forced to leave office and go into exile.
In the company of his disciples, Confucius left Lu and traveled in the states of Wei, Song, Chen, Cai, and Chu, purportedly looking for a ruler who might employ him but meeting instead with indifference and, occasionally, severe hardship and danger.
Confucius returned to Lu in 484BC and spent the remainder of his life teaching, putting in order the Book of Songs, the Book of Documents, and other ancient classics, as well as editing the Spring and Autumn Annals, the court chronicle of Lu.
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本帖最后由 于 2006-09-28 21:16:00 编辑
