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标本名称: | Major challenges facing pathology and pathologists in China. | ||||
简要病史: | In the past 30 years, China has transformed significantly and made outstanding achievement in many fields. For example, China now has the best high-speed trains, best 5 star hotels, best shopping malls, and so on. That is all wonderful. But in the meantime, pathology services in China have not been improved portionally. | ||||
肉眼检查: | 中国病理人才越来越少,病理学科的发展停滞不前. |
诊断: 症结就在于 pathology as an important medical discipline is misclassified in China。
I agree with many points made by “不能考执业医师的病理研究生们都来看看”. In fact, “病理研究生无法报考执医而从业” is only one of the major challenges facing pathology and pathologists in China. There are several other related issues and serious challenges.
I. 症结就在于 pathology is misclassified in China。In most part of the world, including U.S.A, pathology service belongs to one of key clinical disciplines! But pathology diagnostic service in China is classified as “second class, auxiliary” clinical discipline.
The inappropriate classification of pathology in clinical disciplines determines the social-economic status of pathology and pathologists. As a result, the misclassification of pathology causes subsequently three key problems, among others:
(1) The status of pathology service is not well respected by other “major” clinical services. 病理学科在疾病的诊断和治疗中的关键作用有目共睹. Pathology diagnosis is the gold standard! But in China, only when a malpractice happens, people (the CEOs, presidents of the hospitals) realize the importance of pathology. Otherwise, not much attention is paid to pathology. 病理科是不讨好的科室. Pathologists are just humble “grandchildren” in the hospital. 病理科 often time has small work spaces, unfavorable locations, and very limited resource allocations of the hospital budget.
(2) 病理医生低收入. In USA, pathology is very competitive medical discipline, and pathologists in USA are paid reasonably well compared to other clinical disciplines! One of the main reasons is that the pathology diagnostic service fees in USA consist of “professional component (about 70%), and material/instrument component (about 30%)”. But in China, the services fees consist mainly of material/instrument component. We need to change this: pathologists in China need to get higher salaries!
(3) Because of the above 1 and 2, 中国病理人才越来越少,病理学科的发展停滞不前. A lot of young students with interest and knowledge of pathology are ending up doing something else!
I have visited more than 80 Chinese hospitals/university medical centers since I practiced pathology in U.S.A in 1999. There are significant shortages of good dedicated pathologists in China. Many places re-hired retired pathologists/professors since talent young medical students want to do other medical disciplines rather than pathology because the above problems. As a matter of fact, the situation was not the same when I was studying pathology in China in early 1980. At that time, pathology service was still considered as a clinical discipline as other major medical disciplines and many dedicated medical graduates chose pathology as a career.
II. In summary, new policy should be considered to address problems of pathology in China. New policy should be discussed, planned, tested, and implemented based on three major aspects, namely professional input, international standards, and the demands from the society!!
(1). Professional input, as stated in the above, is already very clear.
(2). International standards are also easy to check via web, international pathology organizations, and international pathologists including myself.
(3). The demands from the society, from the patients, are very high. China has transformed significantly during the past 30 years. For example, China now has the best 5 star hotels, best high-speed trains, and best shopping malls. That is wonderful. But pathology services have not been improved during the same period of time. In fact, they are becoming worse. China, and Chinese people need the best pathologists!! Chinese patients need to enjoy the best quality of pathology diagnosis services!!
III. We need to work together to solve the problems. Each and everyone of the pathology community have the responsibility and duty to respond to the problems. We need every 病理医生积极主动参与的热情. The following are major suggestions:
(1). To mobilize all national and local pathology organizations. It is very important to act as a massive group, with a stronger voice! To mobilize the media: newspapers, websites, radio and TV stations. Huaxia Pathology website is a very useful platform. To unite organizations of other medical disciplines, which are relied on pathology services.
(2) To address the issues one by one directly: namely RECLASSIFY PATHOLOGY DIAGNOSTIC SERVICE AS A MAJOR CLINICAL MEDICAL DISCIPLINE!! SO IT WILL promote the social-economic status of pathology service and pathologists among the professional field of medicine.
By doing this, the whole landscape of pathology will change: more and more people will do pathology, more and more resources will be allocated to pathology services and pathology research. The final mission of medicine, serving the patients well, will be accomplished. However, these all need the involvement of pathology organizations and every pathologist. Everyone can make a contribution to this effort.
To address the problem of 病理研究生无法报考从业, it also needs to 制定一个严格的完善的准入、管理体系, 准许病理研究生直接参加医师考试. But 病理研究生 still needs to be trained for additional years before being allowed to sign out pathology diagnosis report.
为发展中国的病理事业, 为病理学科后继有人,Let’s work together!
I certainly will try my best to contribute to this long-term project.
谈东风 May 27, 2010 from Houston.
主要原因是,干病理的人少,也不团结,而且大多数人不管在这如何陈词激昂,能团结一致的站出来的有几个?有的大医院的同行还看不起基层同行.记得在一个会上,某大医院女博士说基础诊断水平太低应该解散,让大医院来看.真的很牛,是不是觉得中国就几个病理科你的收入和地位就上去了,太目中无人,也太无知了.基层医院的医生学历是低,但学历只是说明你一方面的问题,说真的干病理的那个不知道,会考试的不一定诊断水平高,下面病材是少,但基层病理看片子的悟性不比三甲医院的医生差,这点看看三甲医院里基层的进修医生就知道,下面牛人也是辈出的.别人把你分成下等,你自己再给自己分个三六九等,不可笑吗?现在一开会就某博士,某名医院,仿佛基层医生是透明的,自己都看不起自己人还指望别人尊重你?每个人在自己的位置上都是要付出的,都不容易,不要因为自己所在位置而对别人不屑,什么都是暂时的,我们的位置也是.如果大家能,相亲相爱,同声同气,团结一致,相信病理人的力量会更大更强.
另外病理人还在心里觉得自己的科室是为临床医生服务的,没有觉得自己是为病人服务,不能怪别人把你划为辅助科室.现在国内病理的临床相关性太弱,其实应该有病理医生参与定期临床查房,讨论病人治疗方案和判断预后.其实病人非常希望对自己的病有一个清晰地认识,病理人的专业知识对病人了解自己的病很有用,这些知识是临床医生的弱向,也是我们的优势.病理如果只是单纯看片子,搞研究,来了个病人只是一味地发单子了事,不想办法如何积极和病人接触只是一味和临床医生打交道,甚至还要为临床的一些失误擦屁股,光指望别人给你地位,如何能找到自己的一席之地?想在医院这个舞台上有地位就要和病人多接触.
经济基础决定上层建筑,收费的确是很关键,病理人的技术比耗材才低,这本事就是对病理人的侮辱,试问我们的智力和技术劳动还比不过那些机器和耗材吗?不管收入多少,这种价格的低廉就是对病理人的轻视.所有病理人都应该积极的不断的通过各种途径抗议.........
无名小辈,一家之言,欢迎指正.
Above are excellent comments. As a minority group in the large healthcare community, we should unite and combine our strength! I also agree that some pathologists in smaller hospitals have good diagnostic skills if they are dedicated to their daily work and profession, while some research pathologists have difficult to make correct diagnosis if they are not interested in morphology.
"Above are excellent comments. As a minority group in the large healthcare community, we should unite and combine our strength! I also agree that some pathologists in smaller hospitals have good diagnostic skills if they are dedicated to their daily work and profession, while some research pathologists have difficult to make correct diagnosis if they are not interested in morphology." 引用翻译楼上回复 “以上的评论意见很精彩。作为一个庞大健康关注群体中的一个数量不多的小群体,我们应该团结和凝聚我们的力量!我也同意,那些虽在小医院的病理医生如果他们专心于日常的工作和专业是可以具有很好诊断技能和水平的,但是那些研究型的病理学家如果对形态学并不感兴趣也是很难对疾病做出正确的诊断的”
转发另外一位病理老师给与的回复。
"小荷:
我看了网上讨论的内容。我认为是两个不同的主题。一是病理学属于临床医学还是基础医学的问题(谈东风的文章写得非常好)。二是本科为非临床专业,现获得了病理研究生学位的人能否获得执业医师证书的问题。
针对一,我曾在中华医学会病理学会任职时也曾和大家一起努力呼吁过,希望改变一下现状。这么多年来,有一点点进步就是卫生部在去年出台了“医疗机构病理科管理和建设指南”,据说陈竺部长也讲了“病理是基础,基础不牢,地动山摇”等话,这都是多年来争取到的结果,大家应该珍惜并继续努力。但是反观病理人自己在上述文件出台前后的做法,我还是感到很遗憾,好像该“忽悠”的时候没有“忽悠”,对病理界这么重大的事件,在社会、媒体和舆论上没有造势,好像悄无声息地就过去了,这难道不是我们自己的责任吗?还有比如病理价格,因为我们最近在努力争取自动免疫组化染色的新物价收费,我忽然明白了一个道理,病理界失去了多次增加收费的机会,比如从手工脱水、包埋转为自动组织脱水和机器包埋时,为什么没有申请新的收费标准呢?反观检验科每一次新的设备出现都有新的价格出台,放射科从普通X光,发展为CR或DR时都申请了相应的新的收费,为什么病理人就没有做到呢,固然有社会和政府的原因,难道没有我们自己的原因吗?所以还需要病理人努力去奋斗。美国病理学在50多年前地位也是不高的,也是在CAP的不懈努力和奋斗下,才有今天的地位。
针对第二个问题,与病理学科的设置归属确实是分不开的,但是我个人认为做病理医师的人应该是临床医学专业中最优秀的人才(虽然现在做不到),因为病理医生是“医生的医生”。因此还是应该至少有系统和完整的临床医学本科训练作为基础,不能说因为目前病理学地位低,就降低人才的标准。从长远来说,病理学不是检验、护理和中医成为临床病理医师的跳板学科。但是,任何事物都有特定的场景,在目前病理医师奇缺的情况下,能否通过严格的考核使一些热爱病理又有发展潜质的非临床本科背景的研究生进入到临床病理的队伍中来,是政府需要解决的事情。
最后我想说,中国的事情那么多,病理毕竟是个小专业,和那么多大事如医改比起来,短期内仍难引起高层的关注,就像一定要到基尼系数达到5,社会发生动荡,才会有人关注社会财富的分配问题一样,何时才会有人真正关注病理的问题,大家自己去想吧。"
这个帖子后面的跟帖者跑题了
本来谈老师的初衷是促进中国病理水平的提高,促进病理人待遇提高的,最后讨论焦点跑到了病理研究生不能考职业医师这个问题上了,并且争论还很激烈,实在是跑题太远了。后一个问题也是病理发展的一个问题,但是我想与谈老师的初衷较远。
我也一直在思考中国的病理为什么地位低下的问题。定位错误、不赚钱可以说是两个主要的问题。在一切向钱看的今天,收入是每一个院长必须考虑的问题。从病理的角度思考,病理的确太重要了,可以说某种程度上决定了一个医院医疗水平的高低,但是看看现今中国的各个领域的现状,就不难发现GDP决定一切。
我们习惯于与临床医生比待遇,觉得我们接受了相同的教育,付出了同样的劳动,承担了可能更高的风险,但是我们得到的是轻视。这是为什么?其实道理非常简单,临床可以为医院带来更高的收入,临床为医院带来了更多的垃圾文章,临床为医院带来了更多的基金与课题。从院长的角度,谁可以为他挣钱,谁可以为他发文章,谁可以为他骗到基金,谁就是好同志,他就会在政策上向谁倾斜。业务水平永远不是院长需要考虑的东西!看看我们身边的专家也好,教授也好,真正在临床上倾注了精力的人大多往往也是过得并不是十分如意的人,而往往是那些顺应了所谓时代潮流的人如鱼得水。所以说,希望能够得到院长的重视,向其灌输病理重要性可谓是对牛弹琴。院长们并非其不知道病理的重要性,而是病理并不能为其带来所需要的政绩。现如今即使将病理科划为临床科室,我看其待遇也不过像大多数医院的儿科一样,在GDP决定一切的环境里,收入与地位和你的创收是挂钩的。因此,放弃这种幻想可以说更为现实一些。
说了这些,是不是就是说病理地位的提高就永远没有希望了?我觉得也并非如此。院长之所以在政策上向临床倾斜,除了我上面提及的原因之外,还有一个重要的原因就是,所有的院长都知道临床科室是高风险的。在医患关系紧张的今天,一个小小的意外,不谈医疗事故,医院可能会赔大笔的钱。而真正意识到病理是高风险职业的除了与病理联系较为紧密的外科、肿瘤科之外,可以说大都认为病理科是一个养老的地方,没有夜班,不用与患者打交道,工作较为清闲。在今天媒体较为喜欢的报道医患纠纷的案例中,也鲜见病理科的影子。是我们做的太好了,以至于完全没有纠纷吗?事实可能会拷问我们每一个病理从业者。可以说,我们今天能够侥幸地从媒体视野里逃脱,主要是媒体也犯了院长一样的错,还没有意识到病理诊断是他们将来发表轰动性新闻的金矿。患者也还没有完全觉醒,如果有一天他们意识到这一点,可以说病理也就走到了生死尽头,因为在我们那些玻璃片中埋藏了太多的地雷,终究有一天会引爆。这些地雷的引爆是我们不愿意看到的,但是又不得不面对的。引爆这些地雷之日,就是病理浴火重生之日,也就是病理科地位提高之日。
谈博士此文本人看后很受感动,亦对海外的病理同行能如此关心国内同行甚为敬仰。
但谈博士可能久居美国,不了解中国现在的国情,没有就中国的现状,剖析中国的病理人才越来越少关键。中国现在是一个急功近利的市场,包括每个人择业到就业阶段,是经济,不是兴趣。医院老板是院长,换一个角度,如果你是老板,你会给一个不赚钱的部门高报酬吗,绝对不会!老板只会给赚钱的部门高收入!你何时见过医院对外宣传医院病理科的诊断水平是如何的高超,如何有保证,他只会宣传老百姓崇拜的所谓的临床医生,因为他们能从病人身上赚钱。
病理从业人员,尤其是医生,要想获得高报酬,在现今的中国,必须把现有的病理收费,包括活检、细胞和尸体解剖总体收费提高5到10倍,才有可能提高病理科在医院收入重要性,从而提高各位同仁的地位,提高病理在中国医学界的位置!扩大病理科的地盘,改善病理窘迫的工作环境。可悲的是,我们没能在新出台的病理试行方案中看到任何这方面苗头,方案认为病理科重要,为何不提高病理的收费,嘴巴能留住人才吗,否!
不从现今经济天平上进行调节,想改善中国大部分医院病理在医院中的地位,那只是一纸空文!恶性循环,人才流失!
愿国内外同行携手合作,共同改变现状!
bzlixinjun 离线
谈教授从多个层面分析的很透彻,中肯,热望为中国病理事业的发展和进步做贡献。感谢谈教授!
从源头上解决问题至关重要。机制、设置、准入和培训的问题迫在眉睫!
在国内,很久以前有高师班(2年制)、病理诊断培训班(2年制)、研究生班(2-3年制),脱产(离开原单位)专门进行病理专业的的培训(而不是进修),当代国内的中坚力量基本上是那个时期培养的(有的后来出国学习和培训),培训内容涵盖各个系统各个病种。中间很长一段时间被遗忘(顶多搞一年的进修)。现在又有了病理住院医师培训机制(博士毕业后1年、硕士2年,本科3年),但这个机制还不完善,还存在很多的问题。这和美国、法国、英国、德国相比差距甚远。
我非常赞同谈教授的建议:为发展中国的病理事业,为病理学科后继有人,让我们共同奋斗!